TRANSFORMATION OF SENTENCES
Active Voice: In active voice, the subject does the action or acts upon the verb in such sentences and so the sentences are said to be in the active voice.
· The active voice emphasizes the person or agent who performs the action.
· The active voice is more commonly used as it conveys a strong and clear tone while the passive voice is comparatively weaker.
Passive Voice: In passive voice, the subject receives the action or the subject is being acted upon (or is passive) and so the sentences are said to be in the passive voice.
· The passive voice lays stress on the recipient of the action or sometimes the action itself.
· We only use the passive voice when the receiver of the action is more important or when we have no idea about who did the action.
1. The Passive voice is expressed by using the appropriate form of the auxiliary verb be along with the past participle of the main verb.
The following table provides passive forms of the verb download.
Tense | Active verb | Passive verb (be+ V-ed) |
present simple | download/downloads Meena downloads the files. | am/is/are downloaded The files are downloaded by Meena. |
present continuous | is/are downloading Meena is downloading the files. | am/is/are being downloaded The files are being downloaded by Meena. |
present perfect | has/have downloaded The school inspector has inspected the classes. Meena has downloaded the files. | has/have been downloaded The files have been downloaded by Meena. |
past simple | downloaded The school inspector inspected the classes. Meena downloaded the files. | was/were downloaded The files were downloaded by Meena. |
past continuous | was/were downloading The school inspector was inspecting the classes. Meena was downloading the files. | was/were being downloaded The files were being downloaded by Meena. |
past perfect | had downloaded The school inspector had inspected the classes. Meena had downloaded the files. | had been downloaded The files had been downloaded by Meena. |
future simple | will download The school inspector will inspect the classes. Meena will download the files. | will be downloaded The files will be downloaded by Meena. |
future perfect | will have downloaded Meena will have downloaded the files. | will have been downloaded The files will have been downloaded by Meena. |
2. Only a transitive verb (the verb with an object after it) has active and passive forms. Intransitive verbs do not have passive forms. So, we cannot change a sentence with an intransitive verb into the passive voice. When a sentence is changed from active voice to passive voice, the object of the transitive verb moves to the subject position.
· Active: We placed the books on the shelf.
· Passive: The books were placed on the shelf.
· Active: We kept the trophy in the showcase.
· Passive: The trophy was kept in the showcase.
· Active: We added a little spice to it.
· Passive: A little spice was added to it.
3. The subject (agent) of the active verb is made a by-object in the passive sentence. However, it should be remembered that the by-object is not mentioned unless it is either important or necessary for the discourse.
· Active: The English professor conducted the debate.
· Passive: The debate was conducted by the English professor.
· Active: Alexander Fleming discovered Penicillin.
· Passive: Penicillin was discovered by Alexander Fleming.
4. Ditransitive verbs have two objects (direct and indirect objects) after them. In such a case, both objects can be moved to the subject position. So, we can form two passive sentences from a sentence with a ditransitive verb: in one sentence the direct object becomes the subject and in the other, the indirect object becomes the subject.
Active: She gave me a gift.
Passive: (1) I was given a gift.
(2) A gift was given to me.
Active: She has taught us English.
Passive: (1) English has been taught to us by her.
(2) We have been taught English by her.
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