PRIMARY AUXILIARIES

  

Primary auxiliaries: The primary auxiliary verbs be, have, and do are some of the most commonly occurring verbs in English. They can also be used as a main verb in a clause, and each of these verbs is able to conjugate to reflect plurality and tense as a result.

Be and have are used as auxiliaries to conjugate the continuous, perfect, and perfect continuous tenses.

Do is used to make main verbs negative or to form interrogative sentences, and it can also be used to add emphasis to a sentence.

 

Note - Conjugate - to inflect (a verb) - to recite or display all or some subsets of the inflected forms of a verb.

 

Conjugations of be: be, am, is, are, was, were, been, being

Conjugations of have: have, had, has, having

Conjugations of do: do, does, did

 

Ø  Do, Does and Did

·       Use do, does and did to talk about actions.

·       Use do with the pronouns I, you, we and they, and with plural nouns.

·       Use does with the pronouns he, she and it, and singular nouns.

·       Did is the simple past tense of do and does.

·       You can also use do, does and did as helping verbs to ask and answer questions.

·       Use do not, does not and did not to make other verbs negative.

 

NOTE:

“Done” is the Past Participle form of the root verb “do”.

The Past Participle form of any Verb can only describe a completed action and so it can only be used as the Main Verb, and not as the Auxiliary Verb. 

 

Ø  Have, Has and Had 

·       The verbs have and has are used to say what people own or possess.

·       They are also used to talk about things that people do or get, such as illnesses.

·       These words are the simple present tense of the verb have.

·       In past perfect, the auxiliary verb is always had.

 

Ø  Am, Is and Are

·       The words is, are, am are also verbs, but they are not action words.

·       They are the simple present tense of the verb be.

·       Use am with the pronoun I, and is with the pronouns he, she and it.

·       Use are with the pronouns you, we and they.

·       Use the verb is with singular nouns and are with plural nouns.

·       Use is and are with the word there to say what you can see and hear.

Ø  Was and Were

·       The verbs was and were are also forms of the verb be.

·       Was is the simple past tense of am and is.

·       Use was with the pronouns I, he, she and it, and with singular nouns.

·       Were is the simple past tense of are.

·       Use were with the pronouns you, we and they, and with plural nouns.

 

Ø  Being

·       Being is the continuous form of the verb be.

·       Used to talk about actions and behaviour happening now, or was happening before, in a continual manner.

·       Being is used after: am, is, are (present continuous tense).

·       Being is used after: was & were (past continuous tense).

·       Always use being after prepositions.

 

Ø  Been

·       Used to express importance given to the duration of the action.

·       Been is the past participle of the verb be.

·       Used along with auxiliary verbs like have, had, has, etc.

·       Used in Perfect Continuous Tense (Present/Past/Future Perfect Continuous).

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